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排序方式: 共有335条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
41.
Diffuse Emission of CO2 from Showa-Shinzan, Hokkaido, Japan: A Sign of Volcanic Dome Degassing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pedro A. Hernández Kenji Notsu Hiromu Okada Toshiya Mori Masanori Sato Francisco Barahona Nemesio M. Pérez 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):869-881
Two soil CO2 efflux surveys were carried out in September 1999 and June 2002 to study the spatial distribution of diffuse CO2 degassing and estimate the total CO2 output from Showa-Shinzan volcanic dome, Japan. Seventy-six and 81 measurements of CO2 efflux were performed in 1999 and 2002, respectively, covering most of Showa-Shinzan volcano. Soil CO2 efflux data showed a wide range of values up to 552 g m-2 d-1. Carbon isotope signatures of the soil CO2 ranged from -0.9‰ to -30.9‰, suggesting a mixing between different carbon reservoirs. Most of the study area showed CO2 efflux background values during the 1999 and 2002 surveys (B = 8.2 and 4.4 g m-2 d-1, respectively). The spatial distribution of CO2 efflux anomalies for both surveys showed a good correlation with the soil temperature, indicating a similar origin for the
extensive soil degassing generated by condensation processes and fluids discharged by the fumarolic system of Showa-Shinzan.
The total diffuse CO2 output of Showa-Shinzan was estimated to be about 14.0–15.6 t d-1 of CO2 for an area of 0.53 km2. 相似文献
42.
Koji Wakita Kazuhiro Miyazaki Iskandar Zulkarnain Jan Sopaheluwakan & Prihardjo Sanyoto 《Island Arc》1998,7(1-2):202-222
Cretaceous subduction complexes surround the southeastern margin of Sundaland in Indonesia. They are widely exposed in several localities, such as Bantimala (South Sulawesi), Karangsambung (Central Java) and Meratus (South Kalimantan).
The Meratus Complex of South Kalimantan consists mainly of mélange, chert, siliceous shale, limestone, basalt, ultramafic rocks and schists. The complex is uncomformably covered with Late Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanic formations, such as the Pitap and Haruyan Formations.
Well-preserved radiolarians were extracted from 14 samples of siliceous sedimentary rocks, and K–Ar age dating was performed on muscovite from 6 samples of schist of the Meratus Complex. The radiolarian assemblage from the chert of the complex is assigned to the early Middle Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous. The K–Ar age data from schist range from 110 Ma to 180 Ma. Three samples from the Pitap Formation, which unconformably covers the Meratus Complex, yield Cretaceous radiolarians of Cenomanian or older.
These chronological data as well as field observation and petrology yield the following constraints on the tectonic setting of the Meratus Complex.
(1) The mélange of the Meratus Complex was caused by the subduction of an oceanic plate covered by radiolarian chert ranging in age from early Middle Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous.
(2) The Haruyan Schist of 110–119 Ma was affected by metamorphism of a high pressure–low temperature type caused by oceanic plate subduction. Some of the protoliths were high alluminous continental cover or margin sediments. Intermediate pressure type metamorphic rocks of 165 and 180 Ma were discovered for the first time along the northern margin of the Haruyan Schist.
(3) The Haruyan Formation, a product of submarine volcanism in an immature island arc setting, is locally contemporaneous with the formation of the mélange of the Meratus Complex. 相似文献
The Meratus Complex of South Kalimantan consists mainly of mélange, chert, siliceous shale, limestone, basalt, ultramafic rocks and schists. The complex is uncomformably covered with Late Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanic formations, such as the Pitap and Haruyan Formations.
Well-preserved radiolarians were extracted from 14 samples of siliceous sedimentary rocks, and K–Ar age dating was performed on muscovite from 6 samples of schist of the Meratus Complex. The radiolarian assemblage from the chert of the complex is assigned to the early Middle Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous. The K–Ar age data from schist range from 110 Ma to 180 Ma. Three samples from the Pitap Formation, which unconformably covers the Meratus Complex, yield Cretaceous radiolarians of Cenomanian or older.
These chronological data as well as field observation and petrology yield the following constraints on the tectonic setting of the Meratus Complex.
(1) The mélange of the Meratus Complex was caused by the subduction of an oceanic plate covered by radiolarian chert ranging in age from early Middle Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous.
(2) The Haruyan Schist of 110–119 Ma was affected by metamorphism of a high pressure–low temperature type caused by oceanic plate subduction. Some of the protoliths were high alluminous continental cover or margin sediments. Intermediate pressure type metamorphic rocks of 165 and 180 Ma were discovered for the first time along the northern margin of the Haruyan Schist.
(3) The Haruyan Formation, a product of submarine volcanism in an immature island arc setting, is locally contemporaneous with the formation of the mélange of the Meratus Complex. 相似文献
43.
Koji Kakinoki Shiro Imawaki Hiroshi Uchida Hirohiko Nakamura Kaoru Ichikawa Shin-Ichiro Umatani Ayako Nishina Hiroshi Ichikawa Mark Wimbush 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(3):373-384
Two inverted echo sounders were maintained on coastal and offshore sides of the Kuroshio south of Japan from October 1993
to July 2004. Applying the gravest empirical mode method, we obtained a time series of geostrophic transport. Estimated transports
generally agree well with geostrophic transports estimated from hydrography. Their agreement with the hydrographic transports
is better than that of transports estimated from satellite altimetry data. The geostrophic transport is expressed as the surface
transport per unit depth multiplied by the equivalent depth. The geostrophic transport varies mostly with the surface transport
and fractionally with the equivalent depth. Seasonal variation of the geostrophic transport has a minimum in March and a maximum
in September, with a range of about one fifth of the total transport. 相似文献
44.
Kosuke Mori Takeshi Matsuno Tomoharu Senjyu Naoki Hirose In-Seong Han 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(3):301-310
Temporal variations in temperature and salinity observed in 2004 were investigated on a short time scale in the Tsushima Strait.
The data were obtained by long-term in situ measurements at Mitsushima and Futaoi Island using an instrument equipped with
a piston-type wiper to avoid biofouling. In addition, the temperature and salinity values of the surface layer obtained by
a commercial ferryboat between Hakata and Busan were used to investigate their spatiotemporal variations. Temperature and
salinity variations with a time scale of several days had a negative correlation in the summer. This evidence suggests that
a warm and less saline water mass, which is considered to be mainly the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), flowed intermittently
through the Tsushima Strait in summer. In late July 2004, a large low-salinity water mass was detected in the Tsushima Strait.
At that time, the freshwater transport through the Tsushima Strait transiently reached about 12 × 104 m3s−1, which is estimated from observed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data along a ferryboat line and inferred salinity
profiles. This estimated value is more than double the maximum of the climatological monthly mean of the Changjiang discharge.
Furthermore, salinity and surface current data obtained by high frequency ocean radar (HF radar) indicate that water properties
at Mitsushima may occasionally represent part of the water flowing through the western channel via a countercurrent, although
Mitsushima is geographically located in the eastern channel. 相似文献
45.
The R/V Mirai conducted hydrographic surveys in the western Arctic Ocean during summer 2004 (Mirai04) over wide east-west
ranges from Alaska to eastern Siberia, where sea-ice cover has been greatly reduced in recent summers. The obtained data reveal
differences in silicate profiles between shelf slope areas east and west of the Chukchi Plateau, the ridge that divides the
Canada Basin into the Alaskan and east Siberian sides. East of the plateau, a single silicate maximum was found in a layer
of Pacific-origin winter water, as examined in many previous studies. In contrast, west of the plateau, we found vertical
double silicate maxima, which are reported for the first time in this study. The shallower silicate maximum corresponded to
an N** minimum, signaling denitrification at the shelf bottom. This suggests that the shallower silicate maximum was caused
by the spreading of shelf water. In contrast, the deeper silicate maximum corresponded to an oxygen minimum and a maximum
silicate/phosphate ratio (Si/P), suggesting that this deeper maximum resulted from the decomposition of opal-shelled organisms.
We also compared a silicate profile from Mirai04 to aprofile from the Arctic Ocean Section 94 (AOS94) expedition of 1994,
a heavy ice year. The results suggest that sea-ice loss has enhanced biological activities, likely resulting in the appearance
of the deeper silicate maximum. 相似文献
46.
Modal changes in both gravel and sands occur because of unequal durability of some clastic materials to abrasion. Selective abrasion causes an elimination of undurable materials and a complimentary enrichment of competent components. The fluviatile Oligocene Noda Group, northeast Japan, consists of two formations that include both the competent and undurable clastics. Modal analyses of rhyolite‐ or chert‐rich sediments in both formations show that the amount of pebble‐ and granule‐size chert detritus is nearly constant, but the sand‐size chert fragments remarkably decrease with the decreasing grain size. The amount of rhyolite pebbles and the sands, however, is nearly unchangeable despite the variable clast size. Results of our study reveal that we need careful thoughts for a restricted size of sediments and the mode of fine‐grained detritus that include undurable chert sands tends to significantly underestimate the outcrop area of chert bedrocks in the provenance. 相似文献
47.
Sohiko Kameyama Satoshi Yoshida Hiroshi Tanimoto Satoshi Inomata Koji Suzuki Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(3):225-239
We measured dissolved isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; C5H8) concentrations in a broad area of the southern Indian Ocean and in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from 35°S to 64°S and from 37°E to 111°E during austral summer 2010–2011. Isoprene concentrations were continuously measured by use of a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer combined with a bubbling-type equilibrator. Concentrations of isoprene and its emission flux throughout the study period ranged from 0.2 to 395 pmol L?1 and from 181 to 313 nmol m?2 day?1, respectively, the averages being generally higher than those of previous studies. Although we found a significant linear positive relationship between isoprene and chlorophyll-a concentrations (r 2 = 0.37, n = 36, P < 0.001), the correlation coefficient was lower than previously reported. In contrast, in the high-latitude area (>53°S) we identified a significant negative correlation (r 2 = 0.59, n = 1263, P < 0.001) between isoprene and the temperature-normalized partial pressure of carbon dioxide (n-pCO2), used as an indicator of net community production in this study. This suggests that residence times and factors controlling variations in isoprene and n-pCO2 are similar within a physically stable water column. 相似文献
48.
Seto Koji Katsuki Kota Tsujimoto Akira Kitagawa Junko Yamada Kazuyoshi Suzuki Yoshiaki 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2022,68(3):329-343
Journal of Paleolimnology - Sub-annual-scale environmental and ecosystem changes since the mid-18th century were reconstructed in a semi-closed lagoon, Lake Hiruga, located along the Sea of Japan... 相似文献
49.
We experimentally studied the formation and collapse processes of transient craters. Polycarbonate projectiles with mass of 0.49 g were impacted into the soda-lime glass sphere target (mean diameters of glass spheres are ∼36, 72, and 220 μm, respectively) using a single-stage light-gas gun. Impact velocity ranged from 11 to 329 m s−1. We found that the transient crater collapses even at laboratory scales. The shape (diameter and depth) of the transient crater differs from that of the final crater. The depth-rim diameter ratios of the final and transient craters are 0.11-0.14 and 0.26-0.27, respectively. The rim diameter of both the transient and final crater depends on target material properties; however, the ratio of final to transient crater diameter does not. This suggests that target material properties affect the formation process of transient craters even in the gravity regime, and must be taken into account when scaling experimental results to planetary scales. By observing impacts into glass sphere targets, we show that although the early stage of the excavation flow does not depend on the target material properties, the radial expansion of the cavity after the end of vertical expansion does. This suggests that the effect of target material properties is specifically important in the later part of the crater excavation and collapse. 相似文献
50.
Yujiro Ogawa Ryota Mori Toshiaki Tsunogae Yildirim Dilek Ron Harris 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):824-842
Many concepts and interpretations on the formation of the Franciscan mélange have been proposed on the basis of exposures at San Simeon, California. In this paper, we show the distribution of chaotic rocks, their internal structures and textures, and the interrelationship between the chaotic rocks and the surrounding sandstones (turbidites). Mélange components, particularly blueschists, oceanic rocks, including greenstone, pillow lava, bedded chert, limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate, have all been brecciated by retrograde deformation. The Cambria Slab, long interpreted as a trench slope basin, is also strongly deformed by fluidization, brecciation, isoclinal folding, and thrusting, leading us to a new interpretation that turbiditic rocks (including the Cambria Slab) represent trench deposits rather than slope basin sediments. These rocks form an accretionary prism above mélanges that were diapirically emplaced into these rocks first along sinistral-thrust faults, and then along dextral-normal faults. Riedel shear systems are observed in several orders of scale in both stages. Although the exhumation of the blueschist blocks is still controversial, the common extensional fractures and brecciation in most of the blocks in the mélanges and further mixture of various lithologies into one block with mélange muddy matrix indicate that once deeply buried blocks were exhumed from considerable depths to the accretionary prism body, before being diapirically intruded with their host mélange along thrust and normal faults, during which retrograde deformation occurred together with retrograde metamorphism. Recent similar examples of high-pressure rock exhumation have been documented along the Sofugan Tectonic Line in the Izu forearc areas, in the Mineoka belt in the Boso Peninsula, and as part of accretionary prism development in the Nankai and Sagami troughs of Japan. These modern analogues provide actively forming examples of the lithological and deformational features that characterize the Franciscan mélange processes. 相似文献